Introduction Works and equipment are sensitive, expensive goods that can be easily damaged if mishandled. Much of the damage and loss of such cargo is due to mishandling and poor supervision. Thus, in terms of loss prevention, applying best practices to fully understand and control the various key steps in the stowage, loading, securing and unloading process plays an important role in safe transportation.
This guide complements the Loss Prevention Article on Transporting Engineering Materials and Equipment published on skuld.com on June 28, 2021. It provides exhibitor managers, craftsmen and surveyors with a pre-load of information on the correct method of transporting bulk materials and equipment. operator. It provides best practices for loading, loading, securing, securing, monitoring and unloading project cargo and equipment. Best Practices and Recommendations for Storage During Operations • Ensure that an agreed stowage plan is in place at the berth and adhered to during loading operations. • Try to load heavy project loads as close to the center of the ship’s movement as possible, as the farther from the center, the greater the acceleration force from the movement of the vessel during the voyage. The figure below shows the distribution of the acceleration force due to the movement of the ship. • Obtain satisfactory results in strength and stability calculations for all critical phases of loading and unloading, departure and arrival. • No more than on the forecastle roof, middle deck, deck or hatchway. • If permitted, cargo must not be stowed outside the limits set by the shipper or specified on the shipping documentation. • Avoid placing the design weight on the front of the deck, which is more susceptible to sea sway when the ship is rocking. • If possible, obtain a GM that will allow the boat to avoid excessive rocking or shaking. • If possible, plan the laying so that heavy project loads can be lifted while the crane is operating at an angle that eliminates undue stress or possible overload. • Provide enough space for proper tying and securing, as well as periodic inspection and necessary tightening during the flight. • If there are multiple unloading ports, make sure that some of the cargo is safe for the remainder of the voyage after unloading at the previous port.
Loading • Establish good and efficient communication with all parties during the operation, eg chief officer, watchman, supercargo, foreman, shipper’s representative and surveyor. • Hold a tool meeting among the operational team members to summarize the requirements and key steps of the loading operation. • Discuss loading and securing plans and procedures, if any, with MWS (Marine Assurance Surveyor) and obtain their approval prior to loading. • Monitoring and observation of weather conditions, in order to avoid the effect of weather on cargo and loading operations, loading operations during the day are recommended. • Before loading and during loading, inspect and test loading equipment and equipment to ensure that all straps, braces, beams and connections are in good working order. • Use a trained and experienced crane operator to operate the crane, especially when lifting heavy loads in tandem with the crane. • Closely monitor and follow planned loading sequences and ballast/deballast operations to maintain stability standards. • Coordinate with the Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) for information on passing vessels in the vicinity. This is done in order to avoid wave damage to the ship, especially when loading from a barge. • Heavy project cargo can easily be moved or moved around the deck or hold, loaded without prior proper securing and significant capsizing. • After the cushions and brackets are installed correctly, carefully lower the load. • Cooperate with and receive instructions from preload inspectors present; notify P&I club if there are any significant issues during loading operation. notify P&I club if there are any significant issues during loading operation. уведомить клуб P&I о любых существенных проблемах во время погрузочной операции. notify the P&I Club of any significant problems during the loading operation. Сообщите P&I Club, если во время погрузки возникнут какие-либо серьезные проблемы. Let the P&I Club know if there are any major problems during loading.
Lashing and Securing • Bearing in mind the recommendations of the CSS Code (Stowage and Securing of Cargo): “The application of the methods described in Annex 13 is in addition to the principles of good seamanship and should not replace experience in stowage and lashing practices”. . • There is an adequate lashing and lashing plan in line with the ship’s CSM (Cargo Securing Manual) and the rule of thumb in section 5 of Annex 13 of the CSS Code which states that “the total cost of MSL lashing devices equal to the sides (port and starboard) should be equal to the weight of the ship. • Verify that materials such as size, construction, and location of marine securing elements are as planned. • Fastening hardware with a valid certificate is in good condition, usable, and the maximum fastening load (MSL) is available based on the fastener material certificate. • Select and use the appropriate type of lashing material, such as wire rope, chain, braid, or marine lashing, depending on the layout and nature of the unit. Please note the following: – The wire ropes are easy to unroll, but they must be retensioned while swimming. – Chains have higher strength characteristics, but lose tension when loosened. – Net lashings are easy to handle, but only suitable for small or light loads. – Solid marine fasteners, usually made from steel plates or beams, are commonly used in large and heavy installations but require proper design and skilled welders. • Properly position sufficient bracing to distribute weight to tank tops, decks and manhole covers and provide sufficient friction. Requires steel beams or gratings under the toes/bottoms of heavy units. • The optimal angle between the mount and the deck is between 25° and 45° to prevent slipping. When the angle is greater than 60°, the mount can prevent tipping, but has little effect on the slip resistance. • Use the same fastener on one side or in the same direction and avoid mixing types of fasteners in the same orientation. • Have a qualified welder weld D-rings, end caps, or dynamic load-distributing brackets in the correct locations and use these devices properly. To check the quality of the weld, non-destructive testing (NDT) should be carried out. • The effectiveness of the attachment depends on the weakest part of the attachment cable and the rigidity of the connection. Pay attention to the following: – Internal links include shackles, turnbuckles, metal sleeves, hooks for attaching the net, fixing ropes and chains, nets, etc. – The fixing material is in good condition, there is a corresponding product certificate. – Proper fixing, hardware connection and finishing are very important. – Pay attention to the dead-end fixation of the cables, the engagement and fixation of the chain tensioners or ratchets for tying the net. – Lay a suitable protective film over sharp edges and securing points of the passing load to prevent abrasion of the lashing cables and nets. • Consider the effects of stress and flexure on the cargo and vessel on rigid bulky marine lashings. • Check the lashing and securing of the heavy project load after loading and lashing is completed to evaluate any changes or deviations in stability from the original plan. • Make sure that the lashing/lashing forces are sufficient to withstand forces that could cause the load to tip over and slide (laterally and longitudinally). • Properly evaluate and evaluate the conditions the ship may encounter during the voyage in order to prepare the necessary spare materials for securing. • Prepare a contingency plan in case the lashing force gets out of control and a heavy project load stored on deck needs to be dropped.
Voyage monitoring • The chief officer inspects the cargo within 24 hours of departure so that the vessel can return or divert in time for reloading/changeover. Advise P&I club immediately if such return or deviation is required. Advise P&I club immediately if such return or deviation is required. Немедленно уведомите клуб P&I, если требуется такой возврат или отклонение. Notify the P&I club immediately if such a refund or waiver is required. Немедленно уведомить P&I Club, если требуется такой возврат или отклонение. Notify P&I Club immediately if such a refund or waiver is required. • Evaluate and consult available weather information or use ocean line services to develop a good itinerary plan. • Use good seamanship to steer the boat in inclement weather to avoid sudden lists and pitching that can damage lashings and fasteners. • Inspect the load and retighten the lashings after bad weather, if damaged, make every effort to reposition and repack the displaced load, relash and tighten loose straps. • Keep proper records of inspections, damage, cargo movements, lashings and re-lashings during the voyage. Photos and videos are good evidence to defend claims and facilitate an investigation. • If the ship’s stability changes due to changes in ballast, fuel consumption, or unloading/loading at intermediate ports, the remaining lashings and lashings will be further checked until they are satisfactory before sailing is resumed.
Unloading • A surveyor should be assigned to supervise unloading operations to ensure that the project cargo can be unloaded smoothly. • Secure and secure undelivered project cargo. • Heavy engineering cargo being unloaded into the cargo hold of a barge must be properly tied/secured to prevent shifting and movement due to the rolling of the barge during unloading. • Monitor operations to ensure a smooth landing of cargo, as damage to cargo often occurs when cargo is unloaded. • Before lifting from the storage position, make sure there are no loose lashings/attachments attached to the load unit. • Smooth release of marine fasteners to avoid damage to cargo units and prevent cutting sparks from spreading to nearby and underlying cargo. • Capture photos and videos during heavy and sensitive project cargo offloading operations and offloading onto barges, trucks or ashore. • Issue letter of protest for stevedore rough handling and stevedore damages etc. Notify P&I club if any damage is significant. Notify P&I club if any damage is significant. • Написать письмо протеста за грубое обращение со стивидором, ущерб, нанесенный стивидору и т. д. Уведомить клуб P&I, если какой-либо ущерб значителен. • Write a protest letter for mistreatment of the stevedore, damage to the stevedore, etc. Notify the P&I club if any damage is significant. • Letters of protest for mistreatment by stevedores and damage to stevedores. Если какое-либо повреждение является серьезным, сообщите об этом P&I Club. If any damage is serious, report it to P&I Club. Source: Skeleton
Post time: Aug-24-2022